在數控(kong)加工中(zhong)，工件(jian)坐(zuo)標系確定(ding)后(hou)，還要(yao)確定(ding)刀(dao)具的(de)刀(dao)位(wei)點在工件(jian)坐(zuo)標系中(zhong)的(de)位(wei)置。即(ji)常說的(de)對刀(dao)問題(ti)。數控(kong)機床上，目前桂林數控銑床，常用的(de)對刀(dao)方法為手動試切對刀(dao)。

    假設(she)零件(jian)為對稱零件(jian)，并且毛坯(pi)已(yi)測量好長為L1、寬為L2，平底立銑(xian)刀的直徑也(ye)已(yi)測量好。如圖1所示，將工件(jian)在銑(xian)床(chuang)工作臺上(shang)裝夾好后，在手動方式操縱機床(chuang)，具體步驟(zou)如下：

    1）回參考點(dian)操作

    采用ZERO（回參考點(dian)）方(fang)式進(jin)行回參考點(dian)的操作，建立(li)機床坐(zuo)(zuo)標(biao)系。此時CRT上將顯示銑刀(dao)中心（對刀(dao)參考點(dian)）在機床坐(zuo)(zuo)標(biao)系中的當前(qian)位置的坐(zuo)(zuo)標(biao)值(zhi)。相(xiang)關閱(yue)讀推薦：一臺(tai)數控銑床多(duo)少錢

    2）手工(gong)對刀(dao)

    先使刀(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)靠(kao)(kao)攏(long)(long)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件的左側(ce)(ce)面（采用點(dian)(dian)(dian)動操作，以(yi)開始有微量(liang)切削為(wei)準(zhun)），刀(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)如(ru)圖(tu)A位置(zhi)(zhi)，按設(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)編(bian)程零(ling)點(dian)(dian)(dian)鍵，CRT上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)顯(xian)示X0、Y0、Z0，則(ze)完(wan)成X方向(xiang)(xiang)的編(bian)程零(ling)點(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)。再使刀(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)靠(kao)(kao)攏(long)(long)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件的前側(ce)(ce)面，刀(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)如(ru)圖(tu)B位置(zhi)(zhi)，保持刀(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)Y方向(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)動，使刀(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)X向(xiang)(xiang)退回，當(dang)CRT上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)X坐(zuo)標(biao)值0時(shi)，按編(bian)程零(ling)點(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)鍵，就完(wan)成X、Y兩個方向(xiang)(xiang)的編(bian)程零(ling)點(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)。最后抬高Z軸，移動刀(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)，考慮到存在銑(xian)(xian)刀(dao)半(ban)徑，當(dang)CRT上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)顯(xian)示X坐(zuo)標(biao)值為(wei)（L1/2+銑(xian)(xian)刀(dao)半(ban)徑），Y的坐(zuo)標(biao)值為(wei)（L2/2+銑(xian)(xian)刀(dao)半(ban)徑）時(shi)，使銑(xian)(xian)刀(dao)底部(bu)靠(kao)(kao)攏(long)(long)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)表面，按編(bian)程零(ling)點(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)鍵，CRT屏幕(mu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)顯(xian)示X、Y、Z坐(zuo)標(biao)值都(dou)清(qing)成零(ling)（即(ji)X0，Y0，Z0），系(xi)統內部(bu)完(wan)成了編(bian)程零(ling)點(dian)(dian)(dian)的設(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)功能。就把銑(xian)(xian)刀(dao)的刀(dao)位點(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)在工(gong)(gong)(gong)件對(dui)稱(cheng)中心上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，即(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件坐(zuo)標(biao)系(xi)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)件原(yuan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)。

    3）建立工件坐標系

    此(ci)時，刀(dao)(dao)具（銑刀(dao)(dao)的(de)刀(dao)(dao)位(wei)點）當前(qian)位(wei)置就在編程零(ling)點（即工(gong)件(jian)原點）上(shang)。由于手動試切(qie)對刀(dao)(dao)方法，調整簡單、可靠(kao)，且(qie)經濟，所以得到廣泛(fan)的(de)應用。

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