近年來，廣西滑枕銑床說隨著能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)、冶金(jin)、工程(cheng)機械(xie)(xie)等行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業的(de)(de)飛速發展，這(zhe)(zhe)些行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業領域的(de)(de)許多關鍵零部(bu)件都趨于(yu)大(da)型(xing)化、復雜化，且各(ge)加(jia)工面要求(qiu)的(de)(de)精度(du)(du)也很高，這(zhe)(zhe)就要求(qiu)金(jin)屬切(qie)削機床(chuang)(chuang)發展的(de)(de)重(zhong)點主(zhu)(zhu)要集中在大(da)扭矩(ju)，大(da)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)，高精度(du)(du)的(de)(de)重(zhong)型(xing)機床(chuang)(chuang)。數控落地式銑鏜(tang)(tang)床(chuang)(chuang)是(shi)(shi)一種用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)大(da)型(xing)零部(bu)件機械(xie)(xie)加(jia)工的(de)(de)通用(yong)(yong)(yong)機械(xie)(xie)，廣泛應用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)、冶金(jin)、工程(cheng)機械(xie)(xie)等行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業，其最主(zhu)(zhu)要的(de)(de)結構(gou)特征一是(shi)(shi)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)立柱支(zhi)撐(cheng)，二是(shi)(shi)由主(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)箱和滑(hua)枕(zhen)構(gou)成懸臂(bei)式運動部(bu)件。重(zhong)型(xing)數控落地式銑鏜(tang)(tang)床(chuang)(chuang)是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)直徑不小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)160mm，滑(hua)枕(zhen)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)不小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)1200mm，（行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)不小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)1200mm即大(da)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)滑(hua)枕(zhen)）主(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)不小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)1000mm的(de)(de)落地式銑鏜(tang)(tang)床(chuang)(chuang)。而大(da)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)滑(hua)枕(zhen)伸出時由于(yu)自身自重(zhong)引起彎曲(qu)變形，從(cong)而影響到(dao)機床(chuang)(chuang)精度(du)(du)。所以說對(dui)于(yu)大(da)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)滑(hua)枕(zhen)的(de)(de)變形補(bu)償問(wen)題是(shi)(shi)落地式銑鏜(tang)(tang)床(chuang)(chuang)制造技術的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要難點。

目前，解決滑(hua)(hua)(hua)枕(zhen)(zhen)伸出(chu)(chu)變(bian)(bian)形主(zhu)(zhu)要補(bu)償(chang)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)包括(kuo)：1.利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)預(yu)應力撓曲加(jia)工(gong)(gong)方式(shi)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)撓度(du)(du)補(bu)償(chang)，采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)數(shu)控(kong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)將滑(hua)(hua)(hua)枕(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)形部分預(yu)先加(jia)工(gong)(gong)去(qu)除，使滑(hua)(hua)(hua)枕(zhen)(zhen)在(zai)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)伸出(chu)(chu)時(shi)處(chu)于(yu)平(ping)直狀態，該(gai)(gai)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)能夠產生(sheng)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)補(bu)償(chang)效果，但(dan)(dan)對(dui)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)枕(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)與裝配要求較高；2.通過(guo)機床數(shu)控(kong)系統(tong)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)枕(zhen)(zhen)撓度(du)(du)補(bu)償(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)，該(gai)(gai)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)數(shu)控(kong)系統(tong)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)檢測滑(hua)(hua)(hua)枕(zhen)(zhen)撓度(du)(du)，通過(guo)控(kong)制Y軸(zhou)(zhou)上升相(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)位移來實(shi)(shi)現(xian)補(bu)償(chang)，但(dan)(dan)它僅補(bu)償(chang)了(le)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)枕(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)撓度(du)(du)，滑(hua)(hua)(hua)枕(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)彎曲變(bian)(bian)形并未考慮；3.采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電液(ye)(ye)比例(li)控(kong)制方式(shi)對(dui)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)枕(zhen)(zhen)低(di)頭進行補(bu)償(chang)，雖然取得了(le)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)補(bu)償(chang)效果，但(dan)(dan)是電液(ye)(ye)比例(li)控(kong)制需(xu)要準(zhun)確把握滑(hua)(hua)(hua)枕(zhen)(zhen)各個(ge)階段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)形函(han)數(shu)，對(dui)于(yu)快速(su)運動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)枕(zhen)(zhen)來說往往會出(chu)(chu)現(xian)很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)偏(pian)(pian)差；4.采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)液(ye)(ye)壓重心(xin)偏(pian)(pian)心(xin)補(bu)償(chang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，在(zai)主(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)箱(xiang)前后(hou)分別安裝一個(ge)平(ping)衡錘以平(ping)衡因(yin)主(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)箱(xiang)重心(xin)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)導致(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)枕(zhen)(zhen)低(di)頭，該(gai)(gai)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)操作(zuo)簡(jian)(jian)單(dan)，但(dan)(dan)是因(yin)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)枕(zhen)(zhen)自(zi)(zi)身重力引起的(de)(de)(de)(de)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)枕(zhen)(zhen)低(di)頭沒有徹底解決。如果滑(hua)(hua)(hua)枕(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)撓度(du)(du)不能很好的(de)(de)(de)(de)解決，則當主(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)伸出(chu)(chu)時(shi)，無疑滑(hua)(hua)(hua)枕(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)彎曲變(bian)(bian)形對(dui)主(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)懸垂起了(le)放大的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，從(cong)而影響(xiang)了(le)主(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)移動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)直線度(du)(du)。因(yin)此(ci)，重型(xing)數(shu)控(kong)落地式(shi)銑鏜床需(xu)要一種簡(jian)(jian)易實(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)機構(gou)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)大行程滑(hua)(hua)(hua)枕(zhen)(zhen)變(bian)(bian)形的(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)補(bu)償(chang)。

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