數控(kong)銑床加(jia)工(gong)工(gong)藝概述(shu)

    桂林數控銑床加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)是以普通銑(xian)床(chuang)的(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)為基(ji)礎(chu)，結合(he)數控(kong)(kong)銑(xian)床(chuang)的(de)特點，綜(zong)合(he)運用(yong)多方面的(de)知(zhi)識解決數控(kong)(kong)銑(xian)床(chuang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程中(zhong)面臨的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)問題，其內容包(bao)括金屬切(qie)削原(yuan)理與刀(dao)具、加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)、典型零件加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)及工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)性分析等方面的(de)基(ji)礎(chu)知(zhi)識和(he)基(ji)本(ben)(ben)理論。本(ben)(ben)章(zhang)的(de)宗旨在(zai)于從工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程實(shi)(shi)際操作應用(yong)的(de)角度，介紹數控(kong)(kong)銑(xian)床(chuang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)所涉(she)及的(de)基(ji)礎(chu)知(zhi)識和(he)基(ji)本(ben)(ben)原(yuan)則，以便(bian)于讀者在(zai)操作實(shi)(shi)訓過程中(zhong)科學、合(he)理地(di)設計加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)，充分發揮數控(kong)(kong)銑(xian)床(chuang)的(de)特點，實(shi)(shi)現數控(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)的(de)優質(zhi)、高產、低耗(hao)。

   數控銑床(chuang)加工的主要對象

  數(shu)控銑(xian)削(xue)(xue)(xue)是機械(xie)加(jia)工中最常用和最主要(yao)的(de)(de)數(shu)控加(jia)工方法之一，它除了能銑(xian)削(xue)(xue)(xue)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)銑(xian)床所能銑(xian)削(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)各種(zhong)零件(jian)表面外，還能銑(xian)削(xue)(xue)(xue)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)銑(xian)床不能銑(xian)削(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)需要(yao)2~5坐(zuo)標聯(lian)動的(de)(de)各種(zhong)平面輪(lun)廓(kuo)和立體輪(lun)廓(kuo)。根據數(shu)控銑(xian)床的(de)(de)特點，從銑(xian)削(xue)(xue)(xue)加(jia)工角度考慮，適合數(shu)控銑(xian)削(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)主要(yao)加(jia)工對(dui)象有以(yi)下幾類。

  （1）平面類(lei)零(ling)件

   加工面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)平(ping)行或垂直于水平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，或加工面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)與(yu)水平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的夾(jia)角為(wei)定角的零(ling)(ling)件為(wei)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)類零(ling)(ling)（圖(tu)2-1）。目(mu)前在(zai)數控銑床(chuang)上加工的大多數零(ling)(ling)件屬(shu)于平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)類零(ling)(ling)件，其特點是各(ge)個(ge)加工面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)是平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，或可以展開(kai)成平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。如圖(tu)2-1中的曲線輪廓面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)M和正圓(yuan)臺面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)N展開(kai)后均為(wei)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。

  平(ping)面類(lei)零件(jian)(jian)是(shi)數控(kong)銑削加工中最簡單的一類(lei)零件(jian)(jian)，一般(ban)只需用三坐(zuo)標數控(kong)銑床的兩坐(zuo)標聯(lian)動（即兩軸半坐(zuo)標聯(lian)動）就可(ke)以把它們加工出(chu)來。

                      

  （2）變斜角類零件

  加工(gong)面與水平(ping)面的(de)夾角(jiao)呈連(lian)續變(bian)化的(de)零件稱(cheng)為(wei)變(bian)斜角(jiao)零件，如圖2-2所示的(de)飛機變(bian)斜角(jiao)梁緣條。

   變斜角類零(ling)件的變斜角加(jia)工面(mian)(mian)不能展開為(wei)平面(mian)(mian)，但(dan)在加(jia)工中，加(jia)工面(mian)(mian)與銑(xian)刀圓周的瞬時接觸為(wei)一條(tiao)線。最(zui)好(hao)采用(yong)四坐標(biao)、五坐標(biao)數(shu)控(kong)銑(xian)床擺角加(jia)工，若(ruo)沒有上述機(ji)床，也可采用(yong)三坐標(biao)數(shu)控(kong)銑(xian)床進(jin)行兩軸半(ban)近(jin)似加(jia)工。

                        

  （3）曲面類(lei)零(ling)件

   加工(gong)面(mian)為(wei)空間曲(qu)面(mian)的零(ling)件稱(cheng)為(wei)曲(qu)面(mian)類(lei)零(ling)件，如模(mo)具、葉(xie)片、螺旋槳等。曲(qu)面(mian)類(lei)零(ling)件不能展開為(wei)平(ping)面(mian)。加工(gong)時，銑(xian)(xian)刀(dao)與(yu)加工(gong)面(mian)始終為(wei)點接觸，一(yi)般采(cai)用(yong)球頭刀(dao)在三軸數控(kong)銑(xian)(xian)床(chuang)上加工(gong)。當曲(qu)面(mian)較(jiao)復(fu)雜(za)、通道較(jiao)狹窄、會傷及(ji)相(xiang)鄰表面(mian)及(ji)需要(yao)刀(dao)具擺動時，要(yao)采(cai)用(yong)四坐(zuo)標或(huo)五(wu)坐(zuo)標銑(xian)(xian)床(chuang)加工(gong)。

免責聲明：本(ben)文系編輯轉載，轉載目的(de)僅在于傳遞更多(duo)信(xin)息。如果您(nin)認為我(wo)們(men)的(de)轉載違反了《著作(zuo)權(quan)法》或損害了您(nin)的(de)利益(yi)，請及時聯系我(wo)們(men)，我(wo)們(men)將第一時間處理。