銑(xian)床(chuang)：是用銑(xian)刀(dao)(dao)對(dui)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)進行(xing)銑(xian)削(xue)(xue)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)的(de)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)。銑(xian)床(chuang)除(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)銑(xian)削(xue)(xue)平(ping)面、溝槽(cao)(cao)、輪齒、螺紋和(he)花鍵軸外(wai)，還能(neng)(neng)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)比較復(fu)雜的(de)型(xing)面，效率較刨(bao)(bao)床(chuang)高，在機(ji)(ji)械(xie)制(zhi)造和(he)修理(li)部門(men)得到(dao)廣泛應用。刨(bao)(bao)床(chuang)：用刨(bao)(bao)刀(dao)(dao)對(dui)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)平(ping)面、溝槽(cao)(cao)或成形(xing)表(biao)面進行(xing)刨(bao)(bao)削(xue)(xue)的(de)直線運(yun)動機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)。使用刨(bao)(bao)床(chuang)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)，刀(dao)(dao)具較簡單(dan)，但生(sheng)(sheng)產率較低(di)（加(jia)(jia)工(gong)長而窄的(de)平(ping)面除(chu)(chu)外(wai)），因而主要(yao)用于單(dan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，小批(pi)(pi)量(liang)生(sheng)(sheng)產及機(ji)(ji)修車間，在大批(pi)(pi)量(liang)生(sheng)(sheng)產中往往被銑(xian)床(chuang)所代替。根據結構和(he)性能(neng)(neng)，刨(bao)(bao)床(chuang)主要(yao)分(fen)為(wei)牛(niu)頭刨(bao)(bao)床(chuang)、龍門(men)刨(bao)(bao)床(chuang)、單(dan)臂刨(bao)(bao)床(chuang)及專(zhuan)門(men)化(hua)刨(bao)(bao)床(chuang)（如刨(bao)(bao)削(xue)(xue)大鋼(gang)板邊緣部分(fen)的(de)刨(bao)(bao)邊機(ji)(ji)、刨(bao)(bao)削(xue)(xue)沖頭和(he)復(fu)雜形(xing)狀工(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)刨(bao)(bao)模機(ji)(ji)）等。

牛頭(tou)刨(bao)(bao)(bao)床(chuang)因(yin)滑枕和(he)刀架形似牛頭(tou)而得(de)(de)名，刨(bao)(bao)(bao)刀裝在(zai)滑枕的刀架上作(zuo)縱向往復(fu)(fu)運(yun)動(dong)，多用于(yu)切削各種平面和(he)溝槽。龍(long)門(men)刨(bao)(bao)(bao)床(chuang)因(yin)有(you)一個由頂梁和(he)立柱組成的龍(long)門(men)式框(kuang)(kuang)架結構(gou)而得(de)(de)名，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)臺(tai)帶(dai)著工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)通過龍(long)門(men)框(kuang)(kuang)架作(zuo)直線往復(fu)(fu)運(yun)動(dong)，多用于(yu)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)大(da)平面（尤其是(shi)長而窄的平面），也用來加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)溝槽或同時加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)數個中小零(ling)件(jian)的平面。大(da)型龍(long)門(men)刨(bao)(bao)(bao)床(chuang)往往附有(you)銑頭(tou)和(he)磨(mo)頭(tou)等部件(jian)，這樣就可以使工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)在(zai)一次(ci)安裝后完(wan)成刨(bao)(bao)(bao)、銑及(ji)磨(mo)平面等工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。單臂(bei)刨(bao)(bao)(bao)床(chuang)具有(you)單立柱和(he)懸臂(bei)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)臺(tai)沿(yan)床(chuang)身導軌(gui)作(zuo)縱向往復(fu)(fu)運(yun)動(dong)，多用于(yu)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)寬(kuan)度較(jiao)大(da)而又不需(xu)要在(zai)整個寬(kuan)度上加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)。

由(you)刀具或(huo)工(gong)件作往復直(zhi)線(xian)的運(yun)動，由(you)工(gong)件和刀具作垂(chui)直(zhi)于主運(yun)動的間歇進給運(yun)動。常用的刨床(chuang)有(you)：牛(niu)頭刨床(chuang)、龍門刨床(chuang)和單臂刨床(chuang)。

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