數控銑(xian)床加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)是以普通(tong)銑(xian)床的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)為(wei)基(ji)礎(chu)，結(jie)合(he)數控銑(xian)床的(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)，綜(zong)合(he)運用(yong)多方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)知識解決數控銑(xian)床加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程中(zhong)面(mian)臨的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)問題，其內容(rong)包括金屬切削(xue)原理(li)與刀具、加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)、典型零件加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)及(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)性(xing)分析等方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)知識和基(ji)本理(li)論。本章的(de)(de)(de)宗旨在于從工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程實際操作應用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)角度，介(jie)紹數控銑(xian)床加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)所涉及(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)知識和基(ji)本原則，以便(bian)于讀者在操作實訓過程中(zhong)科學、合(he)理(li)地設計加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)，充分發(fa)揮(hui)數控銑(xian)床的(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)，實現數控加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)優質、高(gao)產、低耗。

   數控銑(xian)床加工的主要對象

  數(shu)控銑(xian)(xian)削是機械(xie)加工中最常用和最主(zhu)要(yao)的(de)數(shu)控加工方法(fa)之一，它(ta)除了能(neng)(neng)銑(xian)(xian)削普通(tong)(tong)銑(xian)(xian)床(chuang)所能(neng)(neng)銑(xian)(xian)削的(de)各種零件表(biao)面(mian)外，還能(neng)(neng)銑(xian)(xian)削普通(tong)(tong)銑(xian)(xian)床(chuang)不能(neng)(neng)銑(xian)(xian)削的(de)需要(yao)2~5坐標聯動的(de)各種平面(mian)輪(lun)廓和立體輪(lun)廓。根據數(shu)控銑(xian)(xian)床(chuang)的(de)特(te)點，從銑(xian)(xian)削加工角度(du)考慮(lv)，適合數(shu)控銑(xian)(xian)削的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)加工對象有以下幾類(lei)。

  （1）平面類零件(jian)

   加工(gong)(gong)面(mian)(mian)平(ping)行或垂直于水平(ping)面(mian)(mian)，或加工(gong)(gong)面(mian)(mian)與水平(ping)面(mian)(mian)的(de)夾(jia)角為(wei)(wei)(wei)定(ding)角的(de)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)類零(ling)(ling)（圖2-1）。目前在(zai)數控銑床上加工(gong)(gong)的(de)大多數零(ling)(ling)件(jian)屬于平(ping)面(mian)(mian)類零(ling)(ling)件(jian)，其特(te)點是各個(ge)加工(gong)(gong)面(mian)(mian)是平(ping)面(mian)(mian)，或可以(yi)展開(kai)成平(ping)面(mian)(mian)。如(ru)圖2-1中的(de)曲線輪廓(kuo)面(mian)(mian)M和(he)正圓臺面(mian)(mian)N展開(kai)后均(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)。

  平面類(lei)零件是數控(kong)銑(xian)削加工(gong)(gong)中最簡(jian)單(dan)的一類(lei)零件，一般只需用(yong)三(san)坐標數控(kong)銑(xian)床(chuang)的兩坐標聯(lian)動(dong)（即兩軸半坐標聯(lian)動(dong)）就可以把(ba)它們加工(gong)(gong)出來。

                      

  （2）變斜角類(lei)零(ling)件

  加工面與(yu)水平面的(de)夾角呈連續變(bian)化的(de)零件稱為變(bian)斜(xie)角零件，如圖(tu)2-2所示的(de)飛機(ji)變(bian)斜(xie)角梁(liang)緣條。

   變斜角(jiao)類(lei)零件的(de)變斜角(jiao)加工面(mian)不能展(zhan)開(kai)為(wei)平面(mian)，但在加工中，加工面(mian)與銑刀(dao)圓周的(de)瞬(shun)時接觸為(wei)一條線。最好采用四坐(zuo)標、五(wu)坐(zuo)標數(shu)控(kong)銑床(chuang)擺角(jiao)加工，若沒有(you)上(shang)述機床(chuang)，也可采用三坐(zuo)標數(shu)控(kong)銑床(chuang)進行兩軸半近似加工。

                        

  （3）曲面類(lei)零(ling)件

   廣西滑枕銑床表示加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)面(mian)為空間曲(qu)面(mian)的零件(jian)(jian)稱(cheng)為曲(qu)面(mian)類(lei)零件(jian)(jian)，如(ru)模具(ju)、葉片(pian)、螺旋槳(jiang)等。曲(qu)面(mian)類(lei)零件(jian)(jian)不(bu)能展開(kai)為平(ping)面(mian)。加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時，銑(xian)刀與加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)面(mian)始(shi)終為點接觸，一(yi)般采用球頭刀在三軸數(shu)控銑(xian)床上加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。當曲(qu)面(mian)較復(fu)雜、通道較狹(xia)窄(zhai)、會(hui)傷及相鄰表面(mian)及需要刀具(ju)擺動時，要采用四(si)坐標(biao)或(huo)五坐標(biao)銑(xian)床加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。

免(mian)責(ze)聲明：本文系編輯轉載，轉載目(mu)的僅(jin)在于傳遞(di)更多信(xin)息(xi)。如果(guo)您認為我(wo)們的轉載違反(fan)了(le)(le)《著作權法》或損害了(le)(le)您的利益，請及時(shi)聯系我(wo)們，我(wo)們將第(di)一時(shi)間處理。